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Ignition Circuit |
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An ignition circuit is made up of two sub-circuits: the primary, which carries
low voltage; and the secondary, which carries high voltage. The primary circuit
is controlled by the ignition key. It releases 12 volts of electricity from the
battery or alternator through the coil to a set of breaker points in the lower
part of the distributor, or to the relay in electronic ignition applications.
When the points or relay are closed, current flows through the chassis back to
the battery, completing the circuit. When the points or relay are open, the
flow stops, causing a high-voltage surge to pass from the coil through a rotor
in the top of the distributor to the spark plugs. Once the car has started, the
voltage regulator protects the battery from being overcharged by the
alternator. part of the low -voltage current is absorbed by the condenser when
the points are open.
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Idler Gears |
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These are small gears which are not directly linked to anything. Idle gears are
used to reduce or increase rotation speeds, and reverse directions of rotation.
The center gear would be considered an idle gear, if three gears are connected
in a string. |
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Indicator Needle |
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This is the pointer on your gauge that shows you the gauge's current reading.
Its examples are those found in your speedometer, temperature gauge, tachometer
and oil pressure gauge. |
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Intake Stroke |
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The first stroke is called the intake stroke. The piston moves down the
cylinder, creating a partial vacuum in the cylinder. A mixture of air and fuel
is then forced through the inlet valve into the cylinder by atmospheric
pressure, now greater than the pressure in the cylinder. The exhaust valve
stays closed during the stroke. |
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Lever Return Spring |
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A return spring, or restoring spring, is a coil spring that moves something,
such as a valve or diaphragm back to its normal position and holds it there. |
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Lighting Circuit |
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The automobile lighting circuit includes the wiring harness, all the lights,
and the various switches that control their use. The complete circuit of the
modern passenger car can be broken down into individual circuits, each having
one or more lights and switches. In each separate circuit, the lights are
connected in parallel, and the controlling switch is in series between the
group of lights and the fuse box. The parking lights, are connected in parallel
and controlled by a single switch. In some installations, one switch controls
the connection to the fuse box, while a selector switch determines which of two
circuits is energized. The headlights, with their upper and lower beams, are an
example of this type of switch. Again, in some cases, such as the courtesy
lights, several switches may be connected in parallel so that any switch may be
used to turn on the lights. |
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Lifter Body |
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The valve lifter body houses the valve lifter mechanism. The valve lifter is
the unit that makes contact with the valve stem and the camshaft. It rides on
the camshaft. When the cam lobes push it upwards, it opens the valve. |
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Limiting Coil and Operating Coil |
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The limiting coil passes the current from the battery to the common connection
of two coils at the lower terminal on the dash unit. This current may pass from
either the operating coil of the dash unit and the other over to the tank
sending unit. When the fuel tank is low or empty, the sliding brush cuts out
all resistance in the tank unit. Then the current will passes through the tank
unit circuit because of the low resistance, and only a small portion will pass
through the operating coil to the dash unit. This coil is not magnetized enough
to move the dash unit pointer, which is then held at the "Empty" position by
the limiting coil.
When the tank is full or partly full, the float of the tank unit will rise to
the surface of the fuel and move the sliding brush over the rheostat, putting
resistance in the tank unit circuit. This results in more current will then
passing through the operating coil to give a magnetic pull on the pointer,
which overcomes some of the pull of the limiting coil. When the tank is full,
the tank unit circuit contains the maximum resistance to the flow of the
current. The operating coil will then receive its maximum current and exert
pull of the pointer to give a "Full" reading. As the tank empties, the
operating coil loses some of its magnetic pull and the limiting coil will still
have about the same pull so that the pointer is pulled toward the lower
reading. |
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